Bursa is a thin, lubricated cushion wedged between two surfaces to prevent friction between bone and surrounding soft tissues. The bursa sac is surrounded by synovial membrane that consist of synovial fluid. This synovial membrane is semi-permeable, that allows temporary blood flow to the bursa when injury occurs. Bursitis occurs when the synovial membrane of […]

Rotator cuff disorder is a common cause of shoulder pain. The four rotator cuff muscles that act as stabilizers, which surround the shoulder joint are supraspinatus, infraspinatus, subscapularis and teres minor. These four muscles join together to form a large tendon called rotator cuff tendon. This tendon passes through the subacromial space. In order for […]

Shoulder impingement syndrome is a condition where the rotator cuff tendons are repeatedly being entrapped or pinched under the narrow subacromial space during shoulder movement. There are two causes for shoulder impingement: [1] Primary causes (Structural narrowing) Some people are in-born with narrow subacromial space Hence, they are more susceptible to impingement of the soft […]

Frozen shoulder also known as adhesive capsulitis is a condition where the joint capsule becomes inflamed and subsequently thickens and becomes tight. As a result, the shoulder is painful on movement and limits shoulder range of motion actively as well as passively. It mainly affects the female population, age between 40-60 years old. It usually […]